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9. Wilhelm Frick
A. FRICK’s POLITICAL CAREER.
Frick’s important contribution to the Nazi conspiracy was in
the field of government administration. He was the
administrative brain who organized the German state for
Nazism and who geared the machinery of the state for
aggressive war. It was Frick who transformed the plans and
programs of his fellow conspirators into political action.
He was the manager of the Nazi conspiracy. He was entrusted
with broad discretion, exercised great power, and knew the
criminal purpose of the acts he committed.
The conspiratorial activities of Frick cover a period of 25
years, beginning as early as 1920 (086-PS).
A brief summary of Frick’s activities will show how
extensive was his contribution to the Nazi conspiracy. He
took part in Hitler’s Munich Beer Hall Putsch of November
1923, and was sentenced for his participation. He helped
Hitler become a German citizen. To maintain the Nazi regime
in the first 2 years of its existence and to achieve some of
its most important immediate purposes, Frick signed 235 laws
and decrees during that period, most of which are published
in the Reichsgesetzblatt.
For the first time in German history a uniform police system
for the whole German Reich was created. Frick was its
creator and its supreme head. He appointed the Gestapo
chief, Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the German Police. Frick
was the highest controlling authority over concentration
camps. He personally inspected these camps. His Ministry of
the Interior made the necessary legal arrangements for
acquiring land for the Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Through
his Medical Division, Frick controlled the Nazi asylums and
so-called medical institutions
in which forced sterilizations and murders of
thousands of Germans and of foreign laborers were carried
out. The racial legislation, including the Nurnberg Laws,
was drafted by Frick and administered under his
jurisdiction. Frick introduced the Yellow Star as a sign of
stigmatization of the Jews.
In the course of his active participation in the Nazi
conspiracy, Frick occupied a number of important positions.
Among his Nazi Party positions are the following: member of
the Nazi Party from 1925 to 1945; Reich Leader of the Nazi
Party from 1933 to 1945; floor leader of the Nazi Party in
the Reichstag from 1928 to 1945. His governmental positions
were: chief of a division of the Munich Police Department
from 1917 to 10 November 1923, 2 days after Hitler's
Putsch; Nazi Minister of the I Interior and of Education in
the German State of Thuringia from January 1930 to April
1931; Reichsminister of the Interior from 30 January 1933 to
20 August 1943; member of the Reich Defense Council as
General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich
from 21 May 1935 to 20 August 1943. On 20 August 1943, Frick
was appointed Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, and he
held this last position until 1945. (2978-PS)
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 654]
B. FRICK’s PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING THE NAZI
CONSPIRATORS' ACCESSION TO POWER.
Frick has admitted that he was one of the men who helped
Hitler to power (3043-PS).
(1) Frick’s activities in early days of conspiracy. In the
very beginning of the Nazi Party and its conspiracy, Frick
misused his various governmental positions in order to hold
a “protecting hand over the National Socialist Party and
Hitler.” This he stated solemnly in his speech before the
Munich People’s Court during the Putsch trial (3119-PS; see
"The Hitler Trial Before the People’s Court in Munich” (Der
Hitler Prozess vor dem Volksgericht in Muenchen), published
by Knorr & Hirth, G.M.B.H., Muenchen, 1924.)
When Hitler was arrested during those early revolutionary
days, Frick used his position in the Munich Police
Department to release him under his own authority (3124-PS).
Frick participated in the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch of 8
November 1923-9 November 1923, and was tried with Hitler on
a charge of complicity in treason. He was convicted and
received a suspended sentence of one year and three months
in a fortress (3132-PS).
Hitler’s appreciation of Frick’s assistance during those
years is demonstrated by the fact that Hitler honored Frick
by men-
[Page 655]
tioning his name in Mein Kampf, the Nazi bible. Only two
other defendants in this proceeding, Hess and Streicher,
share that honor. In this reference Hitler said of Frick:
“He [Munich Police President Poehner] and his coworker
Dr. Frick are in my estimation the only men in
government positions, who have the right to collaborate
in the establishment of a Bavarian Nation.”
(2) Frick’s activities as member of Reichstag. Having been
elected to the Reichstag on 4 May 1924, Frick stated that it
was his task not to “support, but to undermine the
parliamentary system” (2742-PS)
In the Reichstag Frick immediately proposed those
discriminatory measures against the Jews which were enacted
after he and the other Nazi conspirators had come into power
in 1933. On 25 August 1924 Frick demanded in the Reichstag
that all Jews be removed from public office (3128-PS). Two
days later he returned with a motion calling for “special
legislation for all embers of the Jewish race”
In 1930, a significant investigative report was prepared by
the Prussian Ministry of the Interior (2513-PS). This
official report analyzed the criminal activities of Hitler,
Frick, and other Nazis. It stated that Frick had to be
regarded as the most influential leader of the NSDAP next to
Hitler. This document reported that at the 1927 Party
Congress in Nurnberg, Frick said that the Nazi Party would
first infiltrate into parliament and misuse its privileges,
then abolish it and thus open the way for racial
dictatorship. The document also reported that Frick stated
in a speech in 1929 at Pyrite that this fateful struggle
would first be taken up with the ballot, but that this could
not continue indefinitely, for history had taught that in a
battle “blood must be had and iron broken.” As early as
1929, according to this same report, Frick announced that a
Special Peoples' Court would be created, in which the
enemies of the Nazi Party would be called to account for
their political acts (2513-PS).
(3) Frick’s activities as Minister of Interior and Education
in Thuringia. Frick’s prominent role in helping to bring the
Nazis to power was recognized when on 23 January 1930 he was
appointed Minister of the Interior and Education in the
German State of Thuringia, the first ministerial appointment
controlled by the National Socialists
It was in this capacity that Frick began his manipulation to
provide Adolf Hitler with German citizenship, an essential
step
[Page 656]
toward the realization of the Nazi conspiracy. It must be
remembered that Hitler at that time was not a German citizen
and was regarded by the Prussian police administration as an
undesirable alien. This lack of German citizenship was most
damaging to the cause of the Nazi Party because, as an
alien, Hitler could not become a candidate for the Reich
Presidency in Germany.
In the beginning, Frick was unsuccessful when he tried to
grant Hitler German citizenship by appointing Hitler as
police officer in Thuringia, thus conferring German
citizenship automatically. Later he succeeded with a similar
maneuver. This was expressly confirmed by Otto Meissner,
former State Secretary and Chief of Hitler’s Presidential
Chancellery, in an affidavit which reads in part as follows:
“Frick also, in collaboration with Klagges, Minister of
Brunswick, succeeded in naturalizing Hitler as a German
citizen in 1932 by having him appointed a Brunswick
government official (Counsellor of Government). This
was done in order to make it possible for Hitler to run
as a candidate for the office of President of the
Reich.” (3564-PS)
During his tenure as State Minister in Thuringia, Frick
again misused his official authority in order to advance the
Nazi conspiracy through measures designed to establish Nazi
control over the police, and over the administration and
curriculum of universities and schools. Three of his
measures are specially note-worthy:
(a) Appointment of the Nazi race theoretician, Dr. Guenther,
as Professor at the University of Jena, against the wishes
of the faculty.
(b) Compulsory introduction in the schools of Nazi prayers
whose nationalistic, militaristic, and blasphemous character
was such that three out of the five were declared
unconstitutional by the German Constitutional Court on 11
July 1930.
(C) Infiltration of Nazis in the Police, which twice
provoked a rupture in the administrative relations between
the State of Thuringia and the Reich Ministry of the
Interior, and resulted in the withdrawal of the important
police subsidy payment of the Reich to the State. (3122-PS;
3128-PS)
WILHELM FRICK
C. FRICK’s PARTICIPATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF TOTALITARIAN CONTROL OVER GERMANY
Frick’s appointment as Reichminister of the Interior in the
first Hitler Cabinet of 30 January 1933 gave him the task of
[Page 657]
"strengthening the power of the government and to secure the
New Regime” (3128-PS).
(1) Powers of Frick as Minister of Interior. To this task
his Ministry was perfectly suited. As Minister of the
Interior Frick became responsible for the realization of a
large part of the conspirators' program, through both
legislation and administration. His Ministry was charged
especially with the following tasks:
(a) Internal Administration (State and local governments;
State and Local Civil Service).
(b) Relations between Nazi Party and State.
(c) Elections.
(d) Citizenship.
(e) Racial Law and Policy (Jewish Question, Eugenics)
(f) Armed Forces and Reich Defense (Conscription).
(g) Establishment of the New Order in occupied and annexed
territories.
(h) Legislation, Constitutional Law (civil liberties).
(i) Police Forces (including Gestapo, protective custody,
concentration camps). (3303-PS; 3475-PS)
The names of the men who, according to (3475-PS), worked
under Frick’s supervision are significant. Among the
subordinates of Frick were “Reich Health Leader, Dr. Conti,”
"Reich Fuehrer SS and Chief of the German Police, Heinrich
Himmler,” and “Reich Labor Service Leader, Konstantin
Hierl.” Frick was, therefore, supreme commander of three
important pillars of the Nazi state: The Nazi Public Health
Service, the Police System, and the Labor Service.
The wide variety of the activities of Frick as Reich
Minister of the Interior can be judged from the following
catalogue of his functions: He had final authority on
constitutional questions, drafted legislation, had
jurisdiction over governmental administration and civil
defense, and was the final arbiter of questions concerning
race and citizenship. The Manual for Administrative
Officials also lists sections of his ministry concerned with
administrative problems for the occupied territories,
including annexed Bohemia and Moravia, and the New Order in
the East (3475-PS).
The Ministry of the Interior also had considerable authority
over the civil service, including such matters as
appointment, tenure, promotion and discharge. The Manual for
Administrative Officials (3475-PS) states that Frick's
functions included supervision of the general law of civil
servants, civil servants' policies, civil service aspirants,
education and training of civil
[Page 658]
servants and political and other officials. Frick’s Ministry
also had extensive jurisdiction over the German civil
servants detailed to the administration of the occupied
countries. This fact was admitted by Wilhelm Stuckart,
former Under Secretary of Frick’s Ministry of the Interior,
who stated in an interrogation:
“As far as I know, the officials for the new
territories were selected by the Personnel Office [of
the Ministry of the Interior] according to their
qualifications, their physical condition and maybe also
their knowledge of the language.” (3570-PS)
In the full use of these broad powers, Frick made his
essential contribution to the advancement of the conspiracy.
(2) Nazi seizure of power of German States. His first act
after the Conspirators' accession to power was to install
Nazi governments and administrations in all German States
where they were not already in power. The State governments
which refused to hand over their constitutional authority to
the Nazi successors designated by Frick were removed on
Frick’s orders. This was the case in Bavaria, Hamburg,
Bremen, Lueback, Hessen, Baden, Wuerttemberg, and Saxony.
The manner and purpose of this program was clearly stated in
the book, “Dr. Frick and his Ministry,” which was published
by his Under-Secretary Wilhelm Pfundner for Frick’s 60th
birthday in order to establish the full scope of his
contribution to the creation of the Nazis' “Thousand-Year
Reich":
“While Marxism in Prussia was crushed by the hard fist
of the Prussian Prime Minister, Hermann Goering, and a
gigantic wave of propaganda was initiated for the
Reichstag elections of 5 March 1933, Dr. Frick prepared
the complete seizure of power in all states of the
Reich. All at once the political opposition
disappeared. All at once the Main [River] line was
eliminated. From this time on only one will and one
leadership reigned in the German Reich.” (3119 PS; 3132-
PS)
(3) Abolition of political opposition. Frick then proceeded
to destroy all opposition parties in order to establish the
political monopoly of the Nazi Party over Germany. Here
again he acted by legislative fiat against all parties which
did not dissolve voluntarily. Among the laws which he
initiated for this purpose were the law of 26 May 1933
confiscating Communists' property (1396-PS); the law of 14
July 1933 confiscating property inimical to nation and state
(1388-PS); the law of 7 July 1933 void-
[Page 659]
ing the mandates of all Social Democrat candidates elected
to Reich state and local diets (2058-PS); and the law of 14
July 1933 outlawing all political parties other than the
Nazi Party (1388-A-PS; see 2403-PS).
Frick drafted and administered the laws which assured the
control of the Nazi Party over the State and “placed the
government machinery *** at the disposal of the Party.”
Chief among these enactments were the Law to Secure the
Unity of Party and State, of 1 December 1933, which provided
that all government agencies should “lend legal and
administrative aid to the Party agencies” (195-PS), and the
law of 1 August 1934 consolidating the positions of Chief of
State and Leader of the Party (2003-PS; see 3119-PS).
The success of this series of measures was accurately
described b Frick himself in the following terms:
“In National Socialist Germany, leadership is in the
hands of an organized community, the National Socialist
Party; and as the latter represents the will of the
nation, the policy adopted by it in harmony with the
vital interests of the nation is at the same time, the
policy adopted by the country ***.” (3258-PS)
(4) Consolidation of power in Reich Cabinet. Frick’s next
task was to consolidate the executive and legislative
control thus achieved. First he drafted the law of 24 March
1933, which gave the Reich Cabinet the power to legislate by
decree. This law marked the end of parliamentary government
in Germany (2001-PS).
As a further step in the same direction, Frick prepared a
series of laws which destroyed all autonomous State and
local government. Through these laws, all governmental power
in Germany was consolidated in the Reich Cabinet.
Administration of these laws was placed in the hands of
Frick. These enactments include the Temporary Law for the
Coordination of the States with the Reich, of 3/31/1933
(2004-PS); the Law the Coordination of the States with the
Reich, of 7 April 1933 (2005-PS); the law of 30 January 1934
transferring the sovereignty of the states to the Reich; the
first ordinance under the law of 30 January 1934 subjecting
state legislation to Reich approval, 2 February 1934; the
second Reich Governor Law of 30 January 1935; the German
Municipality Act of 30 January 1935 (2008-PS); and the law
of 14 February 1934 abolishing the Reichsrat. (see 3119-PS;
Frick drafted the laws which abolished the independence of
the
[Page 660]
civil service, including functionaries of the Reich and the
States, judges, and university teachers. As Reichsminister
of the Interior, he was charged with the administration of
these laws. Among these laws was the Civil Service Act of 7
April 1933, paragraphs 3 and 4 of which provided for the
elimination of civil servants on the basis of religious or
political beliefs (1397-PS; see 3119-PS).
This complete subjection of the civil servants to the Nazi
controlled Ministry of Interior was well illustrated by an
order of Frick demanding a report on civil servants who had
failed to vote in the Reichstag elections of 29 March 1936
(D-43).
(5) Establishment of the Police State. Having thus taken
possession of the entire government machinery, Frick
organized a huge Reich police in order to maintain the
conspirators' power against all opposition.
It should be emphasized that before this time there was no
unified Reich police system; each individual German State
had a police force of its own. Even then, Frick had complete
control over the police forces, through the Reich Governor
Act which subjected the State governments to the authority
of the Reich government, in the person of the Reich Minister
of the Interior (2005-PS; L-82).
The decisive change-over to centralized totalitarianism was
effected by the Act of 17 June 1936 (RGBl, 1936, Part I, p.
87), which was signed by Frick and Hitler (2073-PS). Section
1 of this decree reads as
“For the unification of police duties in the Reich, a
Chief of German Police is instituted in the German
Ministry of the Interior, to whom is assigned the
direction and conduct of all police affairs.”
Section 2 shows that it was Frick and Hitler, the signers of
the decree, who appointed Himmler as Chief of the German
Police. Paragraph 2, section 2 of the decree states that
Himmler was “subordinated individually and directly to the
Reich and Prussian Minister of the Interior” (2073-PS). In
other words, Frick not only appointed Himmler but himself
became, pursuant to this decree, the supreme commander of
the Reich police system in his capacity as Reich and
Prussian Minister of the Interior.
The official chart of the German police system (1852-PS; see
Chart Number 16) clearly shows the position of
Reichsminister of the Interior Frick as the head of the
entire German police system.
[Page 661]
This includes the notorious RSHA, of which Kaltenbrunner
became chief under Frick in January 1943 (3119-PS).
Frick used this newly created authority for the promotion of
the Nazi conspiracy. By his decree of 12 February 1936 he
established in detail the jurisdiction of the Secret State
Police (Gestapo) especially over the concentration camps and
in the field of political police information (2108-PS).
By his decree of 20 September 1936, published in the
Ministerial Gazette of the Reich (Ministerialblatt des
Reichs-und Preussischen Ministerium des Innern), 1936, page
1343, (2245-PS), Frick reserved for himself the authority to
appoint inspectors of security police and ordered their
close cooperation with the Party and with the Army.
Furthermore, in an ordinance dated 18 March 1938 (RGBl,
1938, Part I, page 262) (1437-PS) concerning the reunion of
Austria with the Reich, Frick authorized Himmler to take
security measures in Austria without regard to previous
legal limitations. Similarly, in his Decree of 11 November
1938 Frick ordered that all authorities cooperate closely
with the SD and RSHA under Himmler (1638-PS).
Frick’s direct control over Himmler’s Reich police can also
be shown in numerous other instances. It is necessary only
to mention Himmler’s order of 26 June 1936 by which he
authorized Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the SD, and Kurt
Daluege, Chief of the regular police, to sign “By order of
the Minister of the Interior” (1551-PS; 1680-PS).
As a result, the Police and part of Himmler’s SS became in
fact merged under Frick’s jurisdiction. An order by Hitler
dated 17 August 1938 regulated the functions of the SS,
which “have entered into close connection with the duties of
the German police” in the Ministry of Interior (647-PS; see
1637-PS).
Similarly, Frick gave direct orders to the State Gestapo
offices. Thus on 6 November 1934 Frick issued an order
addressed, among others, to the Prussian Gestapo,
prohibiting the publication of Protestant church
announcements (1498-PS), and also issued a secret circular
addressed, among others, to the Prussian (Gestapo,
subjecting Catholic youth organizations to severe
restrictions (1482-PS).
It is not necessary here to repeat the evidence concerning
the criminal activities of the German police, over which
Frick had supreme authority. Reference is made to Chapter XI
on Concentration Camps, Chapter XII on Persecution of the
Jews, Section 6, Chapter VII on Persecution of the Church,
and Chapter XV on the criminal organizations, such as the
SA, SS, the Gestapo, and SD. Frick’s personal familiarity
with these illegal activities
[Page 662]
may be illustrated by two striking instances. The first
instance is contained in a synopsis of correspondence
between the Reich Ministry of the Interior and its field
offices from November 1942 through August 1943, concerning
the legal aspects of the confiscation of property by the SS
for the enlargement of the concentration camp at Auschwitz
(1643-PS). This document contains the minutes of a meeting
held on 17 December 1942 and 18 December 1942 concerning the
confiscation of this property. These minutes indicate that a
further discussion was to be held on this subject on 21
December 1942, between the representatives of the
Reichsminister of the Interior and the Reichsfuehrer SS.
There is also a summary of a teletype letter, 22 January
1943, from Dr. Hoffman, representing the Reichsminister of
the Interior, to the Regierungspraesident in Kattowitz, a
provincial administrator under the direct jurisdiction of
the Reichsminister of the Interior. The summary begins
significantly with the sentence:
“The territory of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp will
be changed into an independent estate.” (1643-PS)
A second illustration of Frick’s personal interest in the
activities of Himmler’s police and SS is the fact that in
1943 Frick visited the concentration camp at Dachau? where
he personally acquainted himself with the forced malaria
inoculation of healthy camp inmates and with other
experiments on human beings carried out by Dr. Rascher. This
is borne out by the affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, a former
inmate of the concentration camp at Dachau, who has stated
that Frick made a special tour of inspection of the malaria
and cooling experimental stations at Dachau (3249-PS).
(6) Suppression and terrorization of opponents. Having
established this powerful police organization under his
command, Frick used it especially in order to suppress all
internal opposition. That this would be his aim he had
repeatedly announced even in the years before 1933, when he
declared that he was ready to establish the power of the
conspirators with terror and violence (2513-PS).
As early as 1932, Frick threatened his opponents in the
Reichstag with these words:
“Don’t worry, when we are in power we shall put all of
you guys in concentration camps.” (L-83)
In pursuance of this long-planned campaign of political
terrorism, Frick drafted and signed a series of decrees
legalizing all those uses of the political police which he
considered neces-
[Page 663]
sary in order to establish the dictatorial power of the
conspirators within Germany.
Five days after the accession of the conspirators to power
Frick signed the first law limiting the freedom of assembly
and of the press in Germany. Then, on 28 February 1933, the
day after the Reichstag fire, civil rights in Germany were
abolished altogether by decree signed by Frick (1390-PS).
The preamble of this decree, which was published on the
morning after the Reichstag fire, stated that the suspension
of civil rights was decreed as a defense measure against
Communist acts of violence endangering the State. At the
time of publication of this decree, the Nazi government
announced that a thorough investigation had proven that the
Communists had set fire to the Reichstag building. It is not
necessary here to go into the controversial question of who
set fire to the Reichstag, but it should be stressed that
the official Nazi statement that the Communists had set fire
to the building, on which Frick’s law was predicated, was
issued without any investigation. Proof of this fact is
contained in an interrogation of Goering on 13 October 1945,
which contains the following passage:
“Q. How could you tell your press agent, one hour after
the Reichstag caught fire, that the Communists did it,
without investigation?
A. Did the public relations officer say that I said
that?
Q. Yes. He said you said it.
A. It is possible when I came to the Reichstag, the
Fuehrer and his gentlemen were there. I was doubtful at
the time but it was their opinion that the Communists
had started the fire.
Q. But you were the highest law enforcement official in
a certain sense. Daluege was your subordinate. Looking
back at it now, and not in the excitement that was
there once, wasn’t it too early to say without any
investigation that the Communists had started the fire?
A. Yes, that is possible, but the Fuehrer wanted it
this way.
Q. Why did the Fuehrer want to issue at once a
statement that the Communists had started the fire?
A. He was convinced of it.
Q. It is right when I say he was convinced without
having any evidence or any proof of that at this
moment?
A. That is right, but you must take into account that
at that time the Communist activity was extremely
strong, that our new government as such was not very
secure.” (3593-PS)
[Page 664]
This Act of 28 February 1933 also constituted the basis for
the establishment of the concentration camps. Frick himself
established in detail the handling of so-called “protective
custody' under which inmates were held in concentration
camps (779-PS; 1723-PS; L-302).
Frick also signed two laws designed specifically to suppress
all criticism and opposition to the Government and the Nazi
Party (1652-PS; 1393-PS).
Frick also signed the laws which brought about the
suppression of independent labor unions as a potential
source of opposition inside Germany to the progress of the
Nazi conspiracy (405-PS; 1861-PS; 1770-PS). Among these
decrees was the law providing for the confiscation of all
labor union property in favor of the German Labor Front
(1403-PS).
Furthermore, Frick and his subordinates took an active part
in the persecution of the independent churches. An order of
the Reich Minister of the Interior dated 6 November 1934
prohibited the publication of Protestant church
announcements (1498-PS); likewise Frick issued a circular
letter to Reich officials imposing severe restrictions on
Catholic youth organizations (1482-PS). Frick further on 5
May 1938 wrote to the heads of government agencies proposing
methods for invalidating the concordat between Austria and
the Holy See (680 PS). His Ministry was also in
correspondence with the SD from 1940-1942 concerning the
confiscation of church property (R-101-A, through R-101-D).
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 664]
D. FRICK’s PROMOTION OF RACIAL PERSECUTION AND RACISM.
Frick promoted the program of racial persecution and racism,
involving the wiping out of the Jews, and the killing of the
allegedly insane and others for whom the German war machine
had no further use.
In addition to its many other responsibilities, the vast
administrative empire of Frick controlled the enactment and
administration of racial and eugenic legislation. The
"Manual for German Administrative Officials” (3475-PS) shows
the following additional functions of Frick’s Ministry:
Health Administration, Social Hygiene; Heredity and Racial
Welfare; Reich Plenipotentiary for Sanitaria and Nursing
Homes; Board for the Examination of Physicians, Dentists and
Pharmacists; and Reich Committee for Public Hygiene.
Accordingly, Frick was the administrative guardian and
protector of the German race.
[Page 665]
1) Persecution of Jews. Frick took charge of the legislative
and administrative program through which the Nazi
conspirators sought to wipe out the “non-Aryan” part of the
German population. Here again he drafted, signed, and
administered the basic legislation. Among these
discriminatory enactments were e following: the Reich
Citizens Law of 15 September 1935 deceiving Jews of their
citizenship rights (116-PS); the law for the protection of
German blood and honor, 15 September 1935, prohibiting mixed
marriages (2000-PS); the first ordinance der the Reich
Citizens Law, 14 November 1935, depriving Jews of the right
to vote (1417-PS); the Civil Service Act of 7 April 1933
providing for the elimination of non-Aryan government
workers (1397-PS); the decree of 20 May 1938 introducing
Nurnberg laws in Austria; the decree of 31 May 1941
introducing the Nurnberg laws in the annexed eastern
territories (see 3119-PS).
Extending his program of persecution even to the religious
practices of the Jews, Frick signed the decree which
outlawed ritual
But the activities of Frick’s Ministry were not restricted
to commission of such crimes, camouflaged in the form of
legislation. The police field offices, subordinates to
Frick, participated in the organization of such terroristic
activities as the pogrom of 9 November 1938. The pogrom was
organized through a series of secret teletype orders issued
by Heydrich (374-PS; 3051-PS). Afterward Heydrich reported
on the loss of Jewish life and property resulting from the
pogrom (3058-PS).
The pogroms gave the Nazi conspirators occasion to proceed
to the complete elimination of the Jews from economic life
and the confiscation of most of their property (1662-PS;
1409-PS).
Three days after this pogrom of 9 November 1938 Frick, his
undersecretary Stuckart, and his subordinates Heydrich and
Daluege, participated in a conference on the Jewish question
under the chairmanship of Goering. At this meeting various
measures were discussed which the individual governmental
departments should initiate against the Jews. Goering's
concluding remark in that conference was:
“Also the Minister of the Interior and the Police will
have to think over what measures will have to be
taken.” (1816-PS).
It was, accordingly, Frick’s duty to follow up by
administrative action the pogrom organized by Frick’s own
subordinates.
Thereafter, Frick signed the Law of 23 July 1938 ordering a
[Page 666]
special registration for all Jews, in order to establish the
strictest possible control over the Jewish population.
After the outbreak of the war Heydrich issued an order in
Frick’s name, compelling all Jews to wear a yellow star in
public (2118-PS).
Among the Ordinances which Frick issued under the Reich
Citizen Law of 15 September 1935, special mention should be
made of the 11th Ordinance of 25 November 1941, which
ordered the confiscation of the property of all deported or
emigrated Jews; and the 13th Ordinance, under which the Jews
were deprived of all legal protection and completely handed
over to the jurisdiction of the police (1422-PS; 3085-PS).
Stuckart, Under-Secretary in the Ministry of Interior,
characterized this legislation as the essential preparation
for the “final solution of the Jewish question” (3131-PS).
(2) Measures against “Inferior Racial Stock.” The Public
Health Service was administered as a division of Frick's
Ministry. One of its subdivisions was devoted to race and
heredity problems (13123-PS). In his capacity as chief of
this service Frick drafted the basic law controlling
sterilization of persons afflicted with “hereditary
diseases” (3067-PS). Its administration was in the hands of
his Ministry (D-181; L-305).
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 666]
E. FRICK’s PARTICIPATION IN THE PREPARATIONS FOR AGGRESSIVE
WAR.
Frick wholeheartedly supported the conspirators'
preparations for war. It was his position that:
“Germany would observe her. international undertakings
only so long as it suited Germany’s interests to do
so.” (385-PS)
Frick, as Reich Minister of the Interior, was
“The 'civilian' defense minister and as such cooperated
prominently *** in the important field of 'defense
legislation' and thereby in the development of ***
Germany’s armed forces.” (3119-PS)
Frick’s Ministry had a division entitled “Armed Forces and
Reich Defense” (3303-PS).
(1) Rearmament and reinstitution of military service. Frick
took a leading part in Germany’s rearmament in violation of
the Versailles Treaty. He drafted the basic laws on military
service. These include the law of 16 March 1935
reintroducing universal military conscription (1654-PS); the
decree of 6 March 1936
[Page 667]
extending military and labor service to German citizens
abroad; the decree of 16 June 1938 extending the military
service law to Austria (1660-PS); and the decree of 30 April
1940 extending the Military Service Law to the incorporated
eastern territories (see 3043-PS; 1589-PS; 388-PS, item 20).
Frick also supported the military training program of the
SA, the financing of which his Ministry of Interior was
called upon to supply funds (1850-PS).
Additional evidence that Frick contributed to Germany's
rearmament for aggressive war is contained in a secret
order, 25 July 1933, from the Supreme Command of the SA on
the subject, “Publications of the SA.” This order states
that several days before 25 July 1933 the Reich Ministry of
the Interior at the request of the Foreign Office gave
strict instructions to all Reich authorities that the most
severe control was to be exercised over all publications
which might give other countries an opportunity construe
German activities as infringements of the Versailles Treaty
(D-44).
(2) Fifth column activities abroad. In further preparation
for the aggressive wars planned by the conspirators, Frick
used his power, prestige, and funds as Minister of the
Interior in order to command support for the organization of
a Fifth Column abroad among foreign nationals of German
ancestry. In a circular of 24 February 1933 issued less than
a month after the conspirators had taken over the government
of Germany, Frick ordered all State governments to support,
especially financially, the organization work of the League
for Germandom Abroad among the
“30 million Germans in foreign countries [Auslands-
deutschen] outside of the present contracted borders of
the Reich [who] are an integral part of the entire
German people.” (3258-PS)
Frick at a later date stated even more clearly the true
purpose this German Fifth Column he was helping to organize
abroad. In his speech at the twentieth annual meeting of the
official German Foreign Institute held in Stuttgart, on 11-
15 August 1937, Frick stated that
“the new Germany has recognized that its attention and
devotion to the welfare of the millions of Germans who
have not the fortune to owe political allegiance to
Germany, but who are condemned to live abroad, are not
merely a matter of natural sympathy and solidarity, but
are in a higher
[Page 668]
degree dictated by the strong political and economic
interests of the Reich.” (258-PS)
(3) Organization of civilian agencies for war. Frick's
principal contribution to the war preparations of the Nazi
conspirators lay in his role as General Plenipotentiary for
the Administration of the Reich. He occupied this position
as a member of the Reich Defense Council, beginning on 21
May 1935 (2978-PS).
In this capacity, Frick had complete authority over
“the uniform direction of the nonmilitary
administration with the exception of the economic
administrations.”
He was given control over the Ministries of Interior,
Justice, Education, Churches, and the Office for Spatial
Planning, in order to direct their entire planning
activities in preparation of war (2986-PS; 2194-PS). This
was Frick’s responsibility during the more than 4 years that
elapsed before the actual launching of the conspirators'
first aggressive war.
As General Plenipotentiary for the Administration, Frick was
a member of the so-called Three-Man Committee, with Schacht,
later Funk (Economy), and Keitel (OKW). This small group,
which was empowered to legislate by decree on all matters
relating to war preparedness, represented during these
decisive years, from 1935 to 1939, a compact, powerful body
in which could be concentrated the conspirators'
preparations for war (2986-PS; see also Section 3, chapter
XV on the Reich Cabinet).
In a speech made on 7 March 1940 at the University of
Freiburg, Frick admitted the significant part he played in
the preparations for war and as a member of the triumvirate
created by the secret Reich Defense
“*** The organization of the nonmilitary national
defense fits organically into the entire structure of
the National Socialist government and administration.
This -state of affairs is not exceptional, but a
necessary and planned part of the National Socialist
order. Thus, the conversion of our administration and
economy to wartime conditions has been accomplished
very quickly and without any friction — avoiding the
otherwise very dangerous changes of the entire
structure of the State.
The planned preparation of the administration for the
possibility of a war has already been carried out
during the peace. For this purpose, the Fuehrer
appointed a Plenipotentiary General for the Reich
Administration and a Plenipotentiary General for the
Economy. The Plenipotentiary
[Page 669]
General for the Administration was placed in charge of
the coordination of the nonmilitary administrations,
with the exception of the Administration of Economics.”
(2608-PS)
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 669]
F. FRICK’s PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT WAR
CRIMES.
Frick, as Minister of the Interior, was charged with the
administrative policy for all occupied and annexed
territories. For this purpose, the Ministry contained a
Division for Incorporated Territories, with Subdivisions
entitled Reorganization in the South-East, the Protectorate,
the East, and the West (3475-PS).
When the Nazi conspirators embarked on their program of
"bloodless” territorial aggrandizement, Frick was in control
of the incorporation and administration of these
territories. Thus, it was Frick’s Ministry which introduced
the German New Order and German law throughout the
territories of Europe occupied by the German Armed Forces.
Frick exercised these powers in the Saar; in Austria (2307-
PS, 075-PS); in the Sudetenland (3076-PS); in Bohemia and
Moravia (2119-PS); in Memel; and in Danzig (077-PS).
When the conspirators started their aggressive wars, Frick
was specifically charged with the organization and
integration of the territories illegally annexed by Germany.
Among the territories over which Frick was given control
were the Incorporated Eastern Territories, the Gouvernment-
General of Poland, Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot, and Norway.
In the exercise of this over-all administrative control:
(1) Frick provided in detail for the administration of
occupied Polish Territory. It was Frick who was responsible
for the installation of an SS Chief in the Territory in
charge of the Police and the forced resettlement program
(3304-PS).
(2) Frick provided the administrative personnel for the
government of these occupied territories. Thus, he arranged
for the selection and assignment of hundreds of occupation
officials for Russia before the invasion had even begun
(1039-PS).
Similarly, Wilhelm Stuckart, former Under-Secretary of the
Interior under Frick, has stated in an interrogation:
“As far as I knew, the officials for the new
territories were selected by the Personnel Office [of
the Ministry of the Interior] according to their
qualifications, their physical condition, and maybe
also their knowledge of the language.” (3570-PS)
(3) Frick had complete charge of the program of denationali-
[Page 670]
zation, under which certain groups of citizens in annexed
territories were forced during the progress of the war to
abandon their original national allegiance and to accept
German nationality. The decree of 4 March 1941 established a
German Racial Registry under which allied nationals of
German stock were required to accept German nationality and
to remove to German territory (2917-PS). Among the conquered
territories in which these activities of Frick were felt
were Bohemia and Moravia, Upper Corinthia and Lower Styria,
Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot, and the Incorporated Eastern
Territories (see
These measures place upon Frick a full share of
responsibility for the war crimes committed by the
conspiracy in the occupied and annexed territories.
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 670]
G. FRICK’s PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CRIMES
AGAINST HUMANITY.
Frick actively participated in the execution of the
conspirators' program of atrocities and Crimes against
Humanity. Even without such personal participation, however,
Frick has admitted that he could properly be charged with
having for 12 years continued in the Reich Cabinet, after he
had realized the direction the conspiracy was taking (3043-
PS).
The scope of Frick’s personal and direct responsibility for
Nazi Crimes against Humanity is so broad that reference need
be made only to a few of the most significant instances.
(1) Gestapo atrocities and concentration camps. Frick, as
jurisdictional head of the German Police Administration, is
responsible for the crimes and atrocities perpetrated by the
German police, especially the Gestapo and SS, inside and
outside of Germany. (See 1643-PS; also Chapter XI on
Concentration Camps.)
As already stated, Frick demonstrated particular interest in
the “medical” experiments carried on in the concentration
camps under the personal direction of Himmler. Frick paid a
personal visit to Germany’s oldest concentration camp,
Dachau, in 1943, for the purpose of inspecting the malaria
station and Dr. Rascher’s Experimental Station (3249-PS).
There he could personally acquaint himself with the forced
subjection of healthy camp inmates to malarial mosquitos and
the air-pressure and freezing experiments on human beings
carried on by Dr. Rascher.
(2) Oppression of inhabitants of occupied territories. As
administrative head of the occupied territories, Frick
issued decrees depriving the inhabitants of their rights and
subjecting them to a
[Page 671]
cruel and discriminatory regime. Among these enactments were
the decree of 4 December 1941 establishing a special penal
law or the Polish and Jewish inhabitants of the Gouvernment
General (R-96), (1249-PS); the decree of 1 July 1943
depriving Jews of rights remaining to them under the decree
of 4 December 1941 (1422-PS); and the Himmler ordinance of 3
July 1943 charging the Gestapo with the execution of the
decree of 1 July 1943 (published in Frick’s Ministry of
Interior Gazette 1943, p. 1085) (3085-PS) .
Similarly, the Decree on the Utilization of Eastern Workers,
Which required that they be paid salaries substantially
below those fixed for German workers holding similar jobs,
was signed by Frick’s name by his Secretary of State.
(3) Systematic killing of insane, ill, aged, and
incapacitated foreign slave laborers. Frick’s greatest guilt
perhaps rests on his responsibility, as Reich Minister of
the Interior, for the systematic killing of the insane, the
sick, and the aged, including those foreign forced laborers
who were no longer able to work. These killings were carried
out in nursing homes, hospitals, and asylums. Frick, in his
capacity of Reichsminister of the Interior, had full
jurisdiction over all these institutions (3475-PS).
Proof that the Reichministry of the Interior under Frick
actually exercised this jurisdiction is to be found in a
letter of 2 October 1940 (621-PS) from the Chief of the
Reich Chancellery, Dr. Lammers, to the Reichsminister of
Justice. The letter informed the Minister of Justice that
the Chief Prosecutors' reports concerning the death of
inmates of nursing homes had been transmitted to the
Reichsminister of the Interior for further action (621-PS).
Through other correspondence Frick’s Ministry of the
Interior was informed of the unexplained deaths of insane
persons (1696-PS; 1969-PS).
The most striking example of the continued killings in these
institutions, which were under Frick’s jurisdiction, is the
famous Hadamar case. Systematic killing started at the
Hadamar nursing home as early as 1939. At least as early as
1941 Frick was officially acquainted with the fact that
these killings had become public knowledge. Proof is found
in a letter from the Bishop of Limburg of 13 August 1941 to
the Reichsminister of Justice, copies of which were sent to
the Reichsminister of the Interior and the Reichsminister
for Church Affairs. The letter reads in part as follows:
“*** About 8 kilometers from Limburg, in the little
town of Hadamar, on a hill overlooking the town, there
is an
[Page 672]
institution which had formerly served various purposes
and of late had been used as a nursing home; this
institution was renovated and furnished as a place in
which, by consensus of opinion, the above-mentioned
Euthenasia has been systematically practiced for months
— approximately since February 1941. The fact has
become known beyond the administrative district of
Wiesbaden, because death certificates from a Registry
Hadamar-Moenchberg are sent to the home communities.
***
“Several times a week buses arrive in Hadamar with a
considerable number of such victims. School children of
the vicinity know this vehicle and say: 'There comes
the murder-box again.' After the arrival of the
vehicle, the citizens of Hadamar watch the smoke rise
out of the chimney and are tortured with the ever-
present thought of the miserable victims, especially
when repulsive odors annoy them, depending on the
direction of the wind.
“The effect of the principles at work here are:
Children call each other names and say, 'You're crazy;
you'll be sent to the baking oven in Hadamar.' Those
who do not want to marry, or find no opportunity, say
'Marry, never! Bring children into the world so they
can be put into the bottling machine!' You hear old
folks say, 'Don’t send me to a state hospital! After
the feeble-minded have been finished off, the next
useless eaters whose turn will come are the old
people.'
“*** The population cannot grasp that systematic
actions are carried out which in accordance with Par.
211 of the German criminal code are punishable with
death ! ***
“Officials of the Secret State Police, it is said, are
trying to suppress discussion of the Hadamar
occurrences by means of severe threats. In the interest
of public peace, this may be well intended. But the
knowledge and the conviction and the indignation of the
population cannot be changed by it; the conviction will
be increased with the bitter realization that
discussion is prohibited with threats but that the
actions themselves are not prosecuted under penal law.
“Facta loquuntur.
“I beg you most humbly, Herr Reich Minister, in the
sense of the report of the Episcopate of July 16 of
this year, to prevent further transgressions of the
Fifth Commandment of God.
“(Signed) Dr. Hilfrich” (615-PS).
[Page 673]
Nevertheless the killings in these institutions continued
year after year. This is shown by a certified copy of the
charge, specifications and findings of the U.S. Military
Commission at Wiesbaden, against the individuals who
operated the Hadamar Sanitarium where many Russians and
Poles were done away with. In this particular proceeding,
seven defendants were charged with the murder in 1944 and
1945 of 400 persons of Polish and Russian nationality. Three
of the defendants were sentenced to be hanged; the other
four were sentenced to confinement at hard labor (3592-PS).
But the murdering in Hadamar was only part of a systematic
program. The official report of the Czechoslovak War Crimes
commission, entitled “Detailed Statement on the Murdering of
Ill and Aged People in Germany,” shows that Frick was one of
the originators of the secret law of 1940, which authorized
the killing of sick and aged persons and under which the
Hadamar “murder mill” was operated until 1945. The first 3
paragraphs that report read as follows:
“1. The murdering can be traced back to a secret law
which was released some time in the summer of 1940.
“2. Besides the Chief Physician of the Reich, Dr. L.
Conti, the Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler, the Reichsminister
of the Interior Dr. Frick, as well as other men, the
following participated in the introduction of this
secret law ***
“3. As I have already stated, there were — after
careful calculation — at least 200,000 mainly mentally
deficient, imbeciles, besides neurological cases and
medically unfit people these were not only incurable
cases — and at least 75,000 aged people.” (1556-PS).
Thus, Frick bears full responsibility for the systematic
killing of the “unproductive eater,” for whom the Nazi war
machine had no use.
(4) Oppression in Bohemia and Moravia. The final phase of
Frick’s criminal activities began with his appointment as
Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, on 20 August 1943 (3086-
PS).
His authority was clearly defined in a Secret Decree issued
on 29 August 1943. That Decree provided that the Reich
Protector was “the representative of the Fuehrer in his
capacity as Chief of State.” In addition to this over-all
authority, Frick was given jurisdiction “to confirm the
members of the government of the Protectorate to appoint,
dismiss and retire the German civil servants in the
Protectorate.” He was given full power “to grant
[Page 674]
pardons and to quash proceedings in all cases except in
cases before the Military and SS Police Courts” (1366-PS).
These broad powers establish the clear responsibility of
Frick for the crimes committed in the Protectorate under his
administration during the last 20 months of the War. As
representative of the Fuehrer in the Protectorate, he
covered these criminal acts with Hitler’s name and absolute
power.
As a single example of these crimes, reference may be made
to Supplement 6 to the official Czechoslovak Report on
German Crimes Against Czechoslovakia:
"During the tenure of office of defendant Wilhelm Frick as
Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from August 1943
until the liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945, many
thousands of Czechoslovak Jews were transported from the
Terezin ghetto in Czechoslovakia to the concentration camp
at Oswiecziem (Auschwitz) in Poland and were there killed in
the gas chambers.” (3589-PS).
Frick was also fully responsible for the multiple and
notorious miscarriages of justice by which the population of
the Protectorate was systematically persecuted and
oppressed. His failure to correct these miscarriages of
justice through the exercise of his right to grant pardons
and to quash legal proceedings is tantamount to a
confirmation of the cruel and illegal sentences imposed upon
the inhabitants of the Protectorate (1556-PS; 3589-PS).
Frick’s specific responsibility on these counts must be
added to the over-all responsibility which he bears because
of the fact that he was in power as Reich Protector while
such Crimes against Humanity were committed against the
population of Bohemia and Moravia
WILHELM FRICK
[Page 674]
H. CONCLUSION.
Frick, who joined the Nazi conspiracy at its early
beginning, played within the conspiracy the role of expert
administrator and coordinator of State and Party affairs.
Misusing his governmental positions in the pre-Hitler era,
he gave aid and protection to the conspirators when they
were still weak. He supported them in their first attempt to
come into power by force, expecting to gain high office from
their success. He was the first to carry their revolutionary
program from the-Beer Hall to the Reichstag Rostrum. As
their earliest important office-holder (in Thuringia), he
developed for the first time their totalitarian and
terroristic methods of political and intellectual control.
[Page 675]
Upon the accession to power of the Nazi conspirators on 30
January 1933, Frick took over the vital Ministry of
Interior. From this position he directed the realization of
the entire domestic program of the conspiracy. He took
complete charge of the successive destruction of the
parliamentary system, of autonomous State and local
government, and of the career civil service. He planned and
executed the measures which subjected the government itself
to the domination of the Nazi Party. He then proceeded to
establish a huge Reich Police Force under Himmler, which
became the instrument with which the Nazi conspirators
terrorized and ultimately “liquidated” all opposition inside
and outside Germany in concentration and extermination
camps.
In order to give the semblance of law to the criminal acts
of the conspirators, Frick drafted legislation to withdraw
constitutional protection from the rights and liberties
which they had determined to wipe out. He participated in
the relentless and violent persecution of all persons and
groups who were considered as actual or potential opponents
of the conspirators' plans. Among these were the churches,
the free trade unions, and especially the Jews.
Having secured absolute control over Germany for the
conspirators, Frick proceeded to bring the German people and
State to readiness for the wars of aggression planned by the
conspirators. He established the system of military and
labor service on which the Wehrmacht was to rest. He took
over the planning of Germany’s civilian wartime
administration, which was to back it up. In this capacity he
organized and supervised the killing of the useless eaters,
the insane, crippled, aged, and such foreign forced laborers
who were no longer able to work.
As the Nazi conspirators began to achieve their predatory
aims, Frick was active in the coordination of the
administration of the territories and peoples which fell
into Nazi hands. He presided over the annexation of
territories and the denationalization of their inhabitants
in violation of the Hague Conventions. Wen the conspirators
were ready to proceed to the realization of their ultimate
goals, especially the complete enslavement and annihilation
of conquered populations, Frick devised the basic
legislation for their disfranchisement and finally took
personal charge of one of the oppressed nations,
Thus, Frick was one of the principal artisans of the
conspiracy throughout its course. His contribution to its
progress as essential in all its phases, and decisive in
many. He nurtured the conspiracy, directed its followers,
terrorized its opponents, and destroyed its victims.
[Page 676]
I. POSITIONS HELD BY FRICK.
(1) Between 1932 and 1945 Frick held the following
positions:
(a) Member of the Nazi Party, 1925-1945 (3127-PS).
(b) Reichsleiter (Member of the Party Directorate) in his
capacity as Fraktionsfuehrer (Floorleader) of NSDAP in the
Reichstag.
(c) Member of the Reichstag, 7 December 1924-1945.
(d) Reich Minister of the Interior, 30 January 1933-20
August 1943 (2381-PS; 3086-PS).
(e) Prussian Minister of the Interior, 1 May 1934-20 August
1943 (3132-PS; 3086-PS).
(f) Reich Director of Elections, 30 January 1933-20 August
1943 (3223-PS; 3086-PS)
(g) General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the
Reich, 21 May 1935-20 August 1943 (2978-PS; 3086-PS).
(h) Head of the Central Office for the Reunification of
Austria and the German Reich (2307-PS; 1060-PS; 3123-PS).
(i) Director of the Central Office for the Incorporation of
Sudetenland, Memel, Danzig, the Eastern Incorporated
Territories, Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot (3076-PS; 3077-
PS).
(j) Director of the Central Office for the Protectorate of
Bohemia, Moravia, the Government General, Lower Styria,
Upper Carinthia, Norway, Alsace, Lorraine, and all other
occupied territories (2119-PS; 3123-PS)
(k) Reich Protector for Bohemia and Moravia, 20 August 1943-
1945 (3086-PS).
(2) Between 1917 and 1945, Wilhelm Frick held the additional
following positions:
(a) Chief of the Criminal (later the Political) Division of
the Munich Police Department, 1917-1923 (2381-PS).
(b) Fraktionsfuehrer (Floorleader) of the NSDAP in the
Reichstag, 1927-1945 (2381-PS).
(c) Minister of the Interior and of Education of the Free
State of Thuringia, 23 January 1930-1 April 1931 (2381-PS).
(d) Member of the Reich Defense Council, 21 May 193-20
August 1943 (2978-PS).
(e) Member of the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the
Reich, 30 August 1939-20 August 1943 (2018-PS).
(f) Reich Minister without Portfolio, 20 August 1943-1945
(3086-PS).
LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS
RELATING TO WILHELM FRICK
[Page 674]
Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6.
Vol. I, Pg. 5
International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1,
Section IV CH); Appendix A. Vol. I, Pg. 29,60
[Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates
that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg
trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number
indicates that the document was referred to during the trial
but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason
given in parentheses following the description of the
document. The USA series number, given in parentheses
following the description of the document, is the official
exhibit number assigned by the court.]
*374-PS; TWX Series of Orders signed by Heydrich and
Mueller, issued by Gestapo Headquarters Berlin, 9 November
1938-11 November 1938, concerning treatment of Jews. (USA
729). Vol. III, Pg. 277
*388-PS; File of papers on Case Green (the plan for the
attack on Czechoslovakia), kept by Schmundt, Hitler's
adjutant, April-October 1938. (USA 26) . Vol. III, Pg. 305
[Page 678]
405-PS; Law Concerning Trustees of Labor, 19 May 1933. 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 285. . Vol. III, Pg. 387
*615-PS; Letter from Bishop of Limburg, 13 August 1941,
concerning killings at Hadamar Asylum. (USA 717) . Vol. III,
Pg. 447
*621-PS; Letter from Dr. Lammers to Minister of Justice, 2
October 1940, concerning deaths of Nursing Home inmates.
(USA 715) . Vol. III, Pg. 451
*647-PS; Secret Hitler Order, 17 August 1938, concerning
organization and mobilization of SS. (USA 443) . Vol. III,
Pg. 459
680-PS; Letter by Frick to heads of Agencies, 5 May 1938,
proposing methods for invalidating Concordat between Austria
and the Holy See. . Vol. III, Pg. 483
779-PS; Directive by Frick, regulating “protective
custody", 12 April 1934. . Vol. III, Pg. 555
*1039-PS; Report-concerning preparatory work regarding
problems in Eastern Territories, 28 June 1941, found in
Rosenberg’s “Russia File". (USA 146) . Vol. III, Pg. 695
**1060-PS; Order pursuant to law concerning Reunion of
Austria with German Reich, 16 March 1938. 1938
Reichsgesetzblatt, part T, P. 249. (Referred to, but not
offered in evidence.) . Vol. III, Pg. 717
1249-PS; Ordinance, 1 June 1942, issued under Decree of 4
December 1941 for establishment of courts-martial] in
annexed Eastern Territories of Upper Silesia. . Vol. III,
Pg. 851
[Page 679]
1366-PS; Decree of 29 August 1943 on the position, duties,
and authorities of the Reich Protector in Bohemia and
Moravia; Budget of the Reich Protectorate for 1944.. . Vol.
III, Pg. 925
1388-PS; Law concerning confiscation of Property subversive
to People and State,.14 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt,
part I, p. 479. . Vol. III, Pg. 962
1388-A-PS; Law against the establishment of Parties, 14
July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 479. . Vol.
III, Pg. 962
1389-PS; Law creating Reich Labor Service, 26 June 1935.
1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 769. . Vol. III, Pg. 963
1390-PS; Decree of the Reich President for the Protection
of the People and State, 28 February 1933. 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 83. . Vol. III, Pg. 968
1393-PS; Law on treacherous attacks against State and
Party,.and for the Protection of Party Uniforms, 20 December
1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1269. . Vol. III,
Pg. 973
*1395-PS; Law to insure the unity of Party and State, 1
December 1933. 1933 -Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1016. (GB
252) . Vol. III, Pg. 978
1396-PS; Law concerning the confiscation of Communist
property, 26 May 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
293. . Vol. III, Pg. 979
1397-PS; Law for the reestablishment of the Professional
Civil Service, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I,
p. 175. Vol. III, Pg. 981
1398-PS; Law to supplement the Law for the restoration of
the Professional Civil Service, 20 July 1933. 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 518. . Vol. III, Pg. 986
[Page 680]
1403-PS; Law on the granting of indemnities in case of
confiscation or transfer of property, 9 December 1937. 1937
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1333. . Vol. III, Pg. 991
1409-PS; Order concerning utilization of Jewish property, 3
December 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, 9. 1709. Vol.
IV, Pg. 1
1416-PS; Reich Citizen Law of 15 September 1935. 1935
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1146. . Vol. IV, Pg. 7
*1714-PS; First regulation to the Reichs Citizenship Law,
14 November 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1333.
(GB 258) . Vol. IV, Pg. 8
1422-PS; Thirteenth regulation under Reich Citizenship Law,
1 July 1943. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.372. . Vol.
IV, Pg. 14
1437-PS; Law concerning reuniting of Austria with German
Reich, 18 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
262. Vol. IV, Pg. 17
*1482-PS; Secret letter, 20 July 1935 to provincial
governments and the Prussian Gestapo from Frick, concerning
Confessional Youth Organizations. (USA 738) . Vol. IV, Pg.
51
*1498-PS; Order of Frick, 6 November 1934, addressed inter
alios to Prussian Gestapo prohibiting publication of
Protestant Church announcements. (USA 739) . Vol. IV, Pg. 52
1551-PS; Decree assigning functions in Office of Chief of
German Police, 26 June 1936. 1936 Reichs Ministerialblatt,
pp. 946-948. . Vol. IV, Pg. 106
[Page 681]
*1556-PS; Czechoslovakian report, December 1941, naming
Frick as one of the originators of secret law authorizing
the killing of sick and aged persons. (USA 716) . Vol. IV,
Pg. 111
1637-PS; Order of Himmler, 23 June 1938, concerning
acceptance of members of Security Police into the SS. 1938
Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp. 1089-1091. . Vol. IV, Pg. 138
1638-PS; Circular of Minister of Interior, 11 November
1938, on cooperation of SD and other authorities. 1938
Reichs Ministerialblatt, p. 1906. . Vol. IV, Pg. 142
*1643-PS; Documents concerning confiscation of land for the
establishment of the Auschwitz Extermination Camp. (USA 713)
. Vol. IV, Pg. 155
1652-PS; Decree of the Reich President for protection
against treacherous attacks on the government of the
Nationalist movement, 21 March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt,
part I, p. 135. Vol. IV, Pg. 160
**1654-PS; Law of 16 March 1935 reintroducing universal
military conscription. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
369. (Referred to but not offered in evidence.) . Vol. IV,
Pg. 163
1660-PS; Decree for registration for active service in
Austria in the year 1938 of 16 June 1938. 1938
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 631. . Vol. IV, Pg. 171
1662-PS; Order eliminating Jews from German economic life,
12 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1580.
Vol. IV, Pg. 172
*1680-PS; “Ten Years Security Police and SD” published in
The German Police, 1 February 1943. (USA 477) . Vol. IV, Pg.
191
[Page 682]
1696-PS; Correspondence with Ministry of Interior showing
unexplained deaths of insane persons. . Vol. IV, Pg. 199
*1723-PS; Order concerning cooperation of Party offices
with the Secret State Police, 25 January 1938, published in
Decrees, Regulations, Announcements, 1937, vol. II, pp. 430
439. (USA 206) . Vol. IV, Pg. 219
1770-PS; Law concerning factory representative councils and
economic organizations, 4 April 1933. 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 161. . Vol. IV, Pg. 343
*1816-PS; Stenographic report of the meeting on The Jewish
Question, under the Chairmanship of Fieldmarshal Goering, 12
November 1938. (USA 261) . Vol. IV, Pg. 425
*1850-PS; Conferences, 1933, calling for financing of
military training of SA from Ministry of Interior Funds.
(USA 742) . Vol. IV, Pg. 478
*1852-PS; “Law” from The German Police, 1941, by Dr. Werner
Best. (USA 449) (See Chart No. 16.) . Vol. IV, Pg. 490
1861-PS; Law on the regulation of National labor, 20
January 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 45. . Vol.
IV, Pg. 497
1969-PS; Correspondence of party officials, concerning
killing of insane. . Vol. IV, Pg. 602
2000-PS; Law for protection of German blood and German
honor, 15 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I,
No. 100, p. 1146. . Vol. IV, Pg. 636
2001-PS; Law to Remove the Distress of People and State, 24
March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.141. . Vol.
IV, Pg. 638
[Page 683]
2003-PS; Law concerning the Sovereign Head of the German
Reich, 1 August 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
747. . Vol. IV, Pg. 639
2004-PS; Preliminary law for the coordination of Federal
States under the Reich, 31 March 1933. 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 153. . Vol. IV, Pg. 640
2005-PS; Second law integrating the “Laender” with the
Reich, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 173.
. Vol. IV, Pg. 641
2008-PS; German Communal Ordinance, 30 January 1935. 1935
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 49. . Vol. IV, Pg. 643
*2018-PS; Fuehrer’s decree establishing a Ministerial
Council for Reich Defense, 30 August 1939. 1939
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1539. (GB 250). . Vol. IV, Pg.
650
2058-PS; Decree for the securing of the State Leadership, 7
July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.462. . Vol. IV,
Pg. 699
2073-PS; Decree concerning the appointment of a Chief of
German Police in the Ministry of the Interior, 17 June 1936.
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 487. . Vol. IV, Pg. 703
2108-PS; Decree for execution of Law on Secret State Police
of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 22-
24. Vol. IV, Pg. 732
2118-PS; Police decree on identification of Jews, 1
September 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 547. .
Vol. IV, Pg. 750
2119-PS; Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich | Chancellor
concerning the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 16 March
1939. . Vol. IV, Pg. 751
[Page 684]
*2124-PS; Decree introducing the Nurnberg Racial Laws into
Austria, 20 May 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
594. (GB 259) . Vol. IV, Pg. 755
*2194-PS; Top secret letter from Ministry for Economy and
Labor, Saxony, to Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia,
enclosing copy of 1938 Secret Defense Law of 4 September
1938. (USA 36) . Vol. IV, Pg. 843
2245-PS; Frick decree of 20 September 1936 concerning
employment of Security Police Inspectors. 1936 Reichs
Ministerialblatt, pp. 1343-1344. . Vol. IV, Pg. 928
*2307-PS; Law concerning reunion of Austria with German
Reich, 13 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
237. (GB 133) . Vol. IV, Pg. 997
*2380-PS; Articles from National Socialist Yearbook,1935.
(USA 396) . Vol. V, Pg. 6
*2381-PS; Extracts from The Greater German Diet, 1943. (USA
476) . Vol. V, Pg. 7
*2385-PS; Affidavit of George S. Messersmith, 30 August
1945. (USA 68) . Vol. V, Pg. 23
2403-PS; The End of the Party State, from Documents of
German Politics, vol. I, pp. 55-56. . Vol. V, Pg. 71
*2513-PS; Extract from The National Socialist Workers'
Party as an Association Hostile to State and to Republican
Form of Government and Guilty of Treasonable Activity. (USA
235) . Vol. V, Pg. 252
*2608-PS; Frick’s lecture, 7 March 1940, on “The
Administration in Wartime". (USA 714) . Vol. V, Pg. 327
2742-PS; Passage written by Frick in National Socialist
Yearbook, 1927, p. 124. . Vol. V, Pg. 383
[Page 685]
2917-PS; Decree concerning German people’s list and German
nationality in the incorporated Eastern Territories of 4
March 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 118. . Vol.
V, Pg. 587
*2978-PS; Frick’s statement of offices and positions, 14
November 1946. (USA 8) . Vol. V, Pg. 683
*2986-PS; Affidavit of the defendant, Wilhelm Frick, 19
November 1945 (USA 409) . Vol. V, Pg. 688
3043-PS; Affidavit of Frick, November 1945. . Vol. V, Pg.
755
*3051-PS; Three teletype orders from Heydrich to all
stations of State Police, 10 November 1938, on measure
against Jews, and one order from Heydrich on termination of
protest actions. (USA 240) . Vol. V, Pg. 797
*3058-PS; Letter from Heydrich to Goering, 11 November
1938, reporting action against the Jews. (USA 508) . Vol. V,
Pg. 854
3067-PS; Law for the prevention of offspring with
Hereditary diseases, 14 July 1933. 1933 . Vol. V,
Pg.Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 529. . Vol. V, Pg. 880
3075-PS; Law for the building up of administration in
Ostmark, 14 April 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.
777. . Vol. V, Pg. 884
3076-PS; Law for building up of administrations in Reich
Gau Sudetenland, 14 April 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part
I, p. 780. . Vol. V, Pg. 889
3077-PS; Law regarding reunion of Free City of Danzig with
German Reich of 1 September 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt,
part I, p. 1547. . Vol. V, Pg. 891
[Page 686]
3085-PS; Himmler’s ordinance of 3 July 1943 charging
Gestapo with execution of Thirteenth Ordinance under Reich
Citizen Law. 1943 Ministerial Gazette of Reich and Prussian
Ministry of Interior, p. 1085. . Vol. V, Pg. 892
3086-PS; Appointment of Frick as Reich Protector, published
in The Archives, August 1943, p. 347. . Vol. V, Pg. 893
*3119-PS; Extract from Dr. Wilhelm Frick and His Ministry.
(USA 711). . Vol. V, Pg. 893
3123-PS; Extracts from Manual for Administrative Officials,
1943. . Vol. V, Pg. 900
*3124-PS; Extracts from Rudolf Hess Speeches. (GB 253) .
Vol. V, Pg. 902
3125-PS; Extract of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, 39th
edition, 1933, p. 403. . Vol. V, Pg. 904
3127-PS; Announcement of 60th anniversary of Dr. Frick in
National Socialist Monthly, 1937, p. 346. Vol. V, Pg. 905
3128-PS; Extracts from Our Reich Cabinet, 1936. . Vol. V,
Pg. 905
3131-PS; Extract from Racial Eugenics in the Reich
Legislation, 1943, p. 14. . Vol. V, Pg. 906
3132-PS; Extracts from Dates of the History of the NSDAP,
1939. . Vol. V, Pg. 906
3225-PS; Extract from 1942 Reorganization of Law and
Economy. Vol. V, Pg. 936
*3249-PS; Affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, 24 November 1945.
(USA 663) . Vol. V, Pg. 949
*3258-PS; Extracts from National Socialism Basic
Principles, Their Application by the Nazi Party’s Foreign
Organization, and the Use of Germans Abroad for Nazi Aims,
by U.S. GPO, Washington, 1943. (GB 262). . Vol. V, Pg. 997
3303-PS; Extract from Handbook of the German Reich, 1936. .
Vol. V, Pg. 1099
[Page 687]
3304-PS; Second Order for execution of decree of Fuehrer
and Reich Chancellor concerning formation and administration
of Eastern Territories, 2 November 1939. 1939
Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 2133. . Vol. V, Pg. 1100
3399-PS; Affidavit of R. M. W. Kmpner, 11 December 1945. .
Vol. VI, Pg. 116
3443-PS; Supplement No. 5 to official Czechoslovak report,
containing an official memorandum on activities of defendant
Wilhelm Frick. . Vol. VI, Pg. 151
*3475-PS; Manual for Administrative Officials, 1943. (USA
710) . Vol. VI, Pg. 200
*3564-PS; Affidavit of Otto L. Meissner, 27 December 1945,
concerning Frick. (USA 709) . Vol. VI, Pg. 253
3565-PS; Affidavit of Franz Ritter von Epp, 27 December
1945, concerning Frick. . Vol. VI, Pg. 253
3570-PS; Interrogation testimony of Wilhelm Stuckart,
former State Secretary of Interior, at Oberursel, 21
September 1945 . Vol. VI, Pg. 263
*3589-PS; Supplement No. 6 to Official Czechoslovak Report
called “German Crimes against Czechoslovakia", 7 January
1946. (USA 720) . Vol. VI, Pg. 287
*3592-PS; Charges, specifications, findings and sentence of
Alfons Klein and others tried at Wiesbaden, Hadamar Case.
(USA 718) . Vol. VI, Pg. 296
*3593-PS; Interrogation of Hermann Goering, 13 October
1945. (USA 712). . Vol. VI, Pg. 298
*3601-PS; Affidavit of Sidney Mendel, 28 December 1945,
concerning the connection of Frick’s Ministry of Interior
with concentration camps. (GB 324) . Vol. VI, Pg. 313
D-43; Official circular, 26 March 1936, concerning
Reichstag elections on 29 March 1936. . Vol. VI, Pg. 1024
*D-44; Circular, 25 July 1933, referring to publications of
SA activities. (USA 428) . Vol. VI, Pg. 1024
*D-181; Circular from Gauleiter of South Westphalin, 21
January 1937, concerning Hereditary Health Law. (GB 528) .
Vol. VI, Pg. 1073
L-82; Decrees of 26 April 1933, 30 November 1933, 10
February 1936, on the organization of the Gestapo from 1933
Preussische Gesetzsammlung, p. 122. . Vol. VII, Pg. 855
*L-83; Affidavit of Gerhart H. Seger, 21 July 1945. (USA
234) . Vol. VII, Pg. 859
L-302; Dr. Werner Spehr: The Law of Protective Custody,
Berlin, 1937, p. 11-13. . Vol. VII, Pg. 1100
L-305; Correspondence concerning compulsory sterilization
on orders of Ministry of Interior of all descendants of
colored occupation troops. . Vol. VII, Pg. 1102
*R-96; Correspondence of Minister of Justice in preparation
of the discriminatory decree of 4 December 1941 regarding
criminal justice against Poles and Jews in annexed Eastern
Territories. (GB 268) . Vol. VIII, Pg. 72
*R-101-A; Letter from Chief of the Security Police and
Security Service to the Reich Commissioner for the
Consolidation of German Folkdom, 5 April 1940, with
enclosures concerning confiscation of church property. (USA
358) . Vol. VIII, Pg. 87
R-101-B; Letter from Himmler to Dr. Winkler, 31 October
1940, concerning treatment of church property in
incorporated Eastern countries. . Vol. VIII, Pg. 89
*R-101-C; Letter to Reich Leader SS, 30 July 1941,
concerning treatment of church property in incorporated
Eastern areas. (USA 358) . Vol. VIII, Pg. 91
*R-101-D; Letter from Chief of Staff of the Reich Main
Security Office (RSHA) to Reich Leader SS, 30 March 1942,
concerning confiscation of church property. (USA 358) . Vol.
VIII, Pg. 92
*Chart No. 1; National Socialist German Workers' Party.
(2903-PS; USA 2) . Vol. VII, Pg. 770
*Chart No. 16; The Structure of the German Police. (1852-PS; USA 449) . End of VIII